Preheat the oven to 350°F. Line a standard muffin pan with paper cupcake liners. Remove the wrappers from the peanut butter cups.
In a large bowl, combine the *dry cake mix, milk, melted and slightly cooled butter, egg whites, and ** clear vanilla. Beat on low speed for about 30 seconds, until moistened, then on medium speed for 2 minutes.
Spoon some batter into each liner. Place a peanut butter cup in the center and cover with additional batter, keeping the final fill level about two-thirds full.
Bake for 17–20 minutes. Check for doneness by inserting a toothpick into the cake beside the candy center; it should come out clean or with a few moist crumbs.
Remove the cupcakes from the pan and transfer to a wire rack. Let cool completely before frosting.
For the frosting, beat the softened butter and creamy peanut butter until light and fluffy.
Add the vanilla and 1 tablespoon of milk. Gradually beat in the powdered sugar, one cup at a time, adding more milk as needed until the frosting reaches your desired consistency. Beat until light and fluffy.
Spread or pipe the frosting onto the cooled cupcakes. Top with chopped peanut butter cups, pressing them gently into the frosting.